Federal Law
General education operates within the wider legal framework established for education in the Russian Federation.
RussiaFederal Standards + Federal Educational Programmes
NTES National Curriculum Framework Library
RussiaFederal Education Standards & National Curriculum Context
Explore the relationship between Russia's Federal State Educational Standards — FGOS — and the Federal Educational Programmes used across primary, basic general and secondary general education.
This NTES reference page separates standards from programmes and examines education stages, curriculum structure, learning outcomes, assessment and school-level implementation.
Standards
FGOS
Programmes
Federal Educational Programmes
General Education
Grades 1–11
Governance
Strong Federal Framework
Critical framework distinction
FGOS standards and Federal Educational Programmes are related but not identical
FGOS establishes mandatory requirements for programme structure, implementation conditions and expected outcomes. Federal Educational Programmes provide more detailed programme structures, content and implementation guidance for the main stages of general education.
Framework architecture
How the federal curriculum framework fits together
Federal State Educational Standards
FGOS establishes mandatory requirements relating to programme structure, implementation conditions and educational outcomes.
Federal Educational Programmes
Federal educational programmes provide nationally established programme content and organisational structures for the major stages of general education.
Federal Working Programmes
Federal programme structures include subject-level working programmes and nationally defined educational content.
School Educational Programme
Schools implement educational programmes within mandatory federal requirements and applicable institutional responsibilities.
Assessment & Certification
National and school-level assessment operates alongside formal state final-certification arrangements at relevant stages.
Education stages
Primary → Basic General → Secondary General
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Начальное общее образование
Primary General Education
Grades 1–4
Primary general education establishes the foundations of literacy, numeracy, learning skills, personal development and subject knowledge within nationally defined educational standards and federal educational programmes.
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Grades 1–4
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FGOS Primary General Education
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Federal Educational Programme
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Russian Language
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Literary Reading
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Mathematics
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The World Around Us
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Physical Education
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Основное общее образование
Basic General Education
Grades 5–9
Basic general education deepens subject learning, develops broader academic and personal competencies and leads toward the completion of compulsory lower-secondary schooling.
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Grades 5–9
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FGOS Basic General Education
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Federal Educational Programme
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Russian Language
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Mathematics
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Science Subjects
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Social Sciences
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Technology
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Informatics
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Среднее общее образование
Secondary General Education
Grades 10–11
Secondary general education provides upper-secondary study through nationally regulated standards and federal educational programmes, with subject profiles and preparation for further education.
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Grades 10–11
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FGOS Secondary General Education
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Federal Educational Programme
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Common Subjects
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Profile-Level Subjects
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Individual Project
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Higher-Education Preparation
Federal State Educational Standards
FGOS defines mandatory education requirements
The standards establish requirements for programme structure, implementation conditions and the outcomes learners are expected to achieve.
Programme Structure
FGOS defines requirements for the structure of educational programmes at each stage of general education.
Implementation Conditions
Standards establish requirements concerning the organisational, staffing, material and other conditions needed to implement programmes.
Educational Outcomes
FGOS specifies expected outcomes of educational programmes rather than functioning only as a subject-content list.
Personal Outcomes
Standards include expectations connected with learners' personal development and educational formation.
Meta-Subject Outcomes
FGOS includes transferable learning outcomes that extend across individual subjects.
Subject Outcomes
Detailed subject expectations define knowledge and competencies to be achieved within curriculum areas.
Federal Educational Programmes
Three core programmes for general education
Primary General Education
Order No. 372
18 May 2023
Federal Educational Programme for Primary General Education.
Open ProgrammeBasic General Education
Order No. 370
18 May 2023
Federal Educational Programme for Basic General Education.
Open ProgrammeSecondary General Education
Order No. 371
18 May 2023
Federal Educational Programme for Secondary General Education.
Open ProgrammeProgramme design
From planned outcomes to curriculum organisation
Target Section
Federal programmes include planned outcomes and approaches to evaluating achievement.
Content Section
The content section contains subject programmes and other components of educational content.
Organisational Section
Programmes contain organisational requirements such as curriculum planning and implementation structures.
Planned Results
Expected results connect federal programme content with FGOS outcome requirements.
Assessment System
Programme documentation incorporates approaches to assessing student achievement.
Educational Activities
The wider programme includes learning and developmental activities beyond isolated subject instruction.
Grades 1–4
Primary General Education
Foundational Literacy
Primary education establishes literacy and communication foundations through Russian-language learning and literary reading.
Mathematical Foundations
Mathematics develops number understanding, calculation, reasoning, problem solving and foundational mathematical literacy.
Integrated World Knowledge
The curriculum includes integrated learning about the natural and social world.
Learning Skills
FGOS expectations include transferable learning actions and the ability to organise and reflect on learning.
Personal Development
Primary education includes expectations relating to personal, social and civic development.
Progression to Basic General Education
Curriculum design prepares learners for the more specialised subject structure beginning at the next stage.
Grades 5–9
Basic General Education
Broader Subject Structure
Basic general education introduces greater disciplinary specialisation across humanities, sciences, mathematics, technology and other subjects.
Mathematics
Mathematics develops through subject areas including algebra and geometry within the relevant curriculum structure.
Natural Sciences
Science learning becomes increasingly differentiated through subjects such as physics, chemistry and biology.
Social & Humanitarian Subjects
History, social studies, geography and language-related subjects form a substantial part of the curriculum.
Informatics
Digital and computing-related learning is represented through Informatics within the general-education curriculum.
Technology
Technology education develops practical, technological and design-related learning.
Grades 10–11
Secondary General Education
Common Curriculum Foundation
Upper-secondary learners continue to study nationally required subject areas within the federal framework.
Profile Learning
Secondary general education allows greater differentiation through subject profiles and varying levels of subject study.
Individual Project
The educational programme includes an individual project component supporting independent inquiry and application.
Advanced Subject Study
Some subjects can be studied at a more advanced level according to the selected educational profile.
University Preparation
Upper-secondary learning supports preparation for higher education and national final-certification requirements.
Career & Future Pathways
Schools can connect upper-secondary learning with learner interests, future study and career orientation.
Educational outcomes
Personal + Meta-Subject + Subject Results
Personal Results
Personal outcomes concern learners' values, responsibility, identity, social development and educational orientation.
Meta-Subject Results
Meta-subject results include transferable learning strategies that support work across different curriculum areas.
Subject Results
Subject results define discipline-specific knowledge, skills and understanding.
Functional Literacy
Educational programmes increasingly emphasise learners' ability to apply knowledge in meaningful situations.
Independent Learning
Students are expected to develop progressively greater independence in planning, completing and evaluating learning.
Application
Curriculum implementation connects knowledge acquisition with practical and interdisciplinary application.
Curriculum governance
Federal requirements with regional and school implementation
Federal Ministry
The Ministry of Education establishes major federal requirements for school general education.
Federal Standards
FGOS provides mandatory nationwide requirements for the major stages of general education.
Federal Programmes
Federal educational programmes provide nationally established programme content and structures.
Regional Authorities
Regional education authorities operate within the federal framework and administer education within their jurisdictions.
School Responsibility
Schools organise teaching and learning in accordance with applicable federal and regional requirements.
Local Implementation
School-level implementation includes timetabling, teaching practice, internal assessment and organisational decisions within mandatory requirements.
Assessment & certification
School assessment + state certification
Internal Assessment
Schools use classroom and school-level assessment to monitor achievement against programme expectations.
State Final Certification
Formal state final-certification arrangements operate at relevant stages of general education.
Grade 9 Completion
Completion of basic general education is connected with the applicable state final-certification system.
Grade 11 Completion
Secondary general education culminates in state certification requirements connected with completion and future progression.
Programme Outcomes
Assessment should reflect the planned personal, meta-subject and subject outcomes established through applicable standards and programmes.
Continuous Monitoring
Schools use evidence of learning to review programme implementation and student progress.
School implementation
What curriculum leaders should verify
Identify the Education Stage
Curriculum leaders should distinguish primary, basic general and secondary general education because each stage has its own FGOS and federal programme.
Use Current FGOS
Standards are amended periodically, so schools should verify the current consolidated version rather than relying on an original publication alone.
Use Current Federal Programme
Federal educational programmes have also been amended, requiring implementation teams to work from the current version.
Map Planned Results
Curriculum planning should connect teaching content with personal, meta-subject and subject learning results.
Align Assessment
Assessment systems should generate evidence aligned with federal programme expectations and applicable certification requirements.
Subject Progression
Schools should map progression coherently from primary foundations through increasingly specialised lower- and upper-secondary subjects.
Profile-Level Planning
Upper-secondary schools need clear planning for common and profile-level subject study.
Continuous Compliance Review
Schools should monitor amendments to federal standards, programmes and implementation requirements.
International comparison
Comparing centrally coordinated curriculum systems
| System | Governance | Curriculum Authority | Key Mechanism |
|---|---|---|---|
| Russia | Federal standards + federal educational programmes | Strong national framework with regional and school implementation | FGOS + FOP |
| France | Centrally defined national programmes | Strong national curriculum direction | National programmes + cycles |
| Japan | National curriculum standards | MEXT national Courses of Study | Courses of Study |
| China | National curriculum + curriculum standards | Centrally defined national standards and programmes | National curriculum plans + subject standards |
Current framework sources
Verify the current consolidated standards and programmes
Russia's education standards and federal programmes have been amended over time. Curriculum teams should use current consolidated versions when making implementation or compliance decisions.
FGOS — Primary General Education
Current consolidated text of the Federal State Educational Standard for Primary General Education, originally approved by Order No. 286 of 31 May 2021.
Explore Primary FGOSFGOS — Basic General Education
Current consolidated text of the Federal State Educational Standard for Basic General Education, originally approved by Order No. 287 of 31 May 2021.
Explore Basic FGOSFGOS — Secondary General Education
Current consolidated text of the Federal State Educational Standard for Secondary General Education.
Explore Secondary FGOSFederal Programme — Primary Education
Federal Educational Programme for Primary General Education under Order No. 372 of 18 May 2023.
Explore Primary FOPFederal Programme — Basic Education
Federal Educational Programme for Basic General Education under Order No. 370 of 18 May 2023.
Explore Basic FOPFederal Programme — Secondary Education
Federal Educational Programme for Secondary General Education under Order No. 371 of 18 May 2023.
Explore Secondary FOPi
Use current legal and educational documents
Federal standards and federal educational programmes can be amended. Schools, researchers and curriculum leaders should therefore verify the current version of the applicable document before using it for formal compliance or implementation decisions.
NT Education Solutions is an independent education provider and is not affiliated with the Ministry of Education of the Russian Federation or any Russian government education authority.
Continue comparing
Compare Russia with other nationally coordinated systems
Curriculum Comparison
France
Compare Russia's federal standards and educational programmes with France's nationally defined programmes and learning cycles.
Explore FranceCurriculum Comparison
Japan
Compare the FGOS and federal-programme model with Japan's nationally established Courses of Study.
Explore JapanCurriculum Comparison
China
Compare Russia's federal standards architecture with China's national curriculum plans and curriculum standards.
Explore ChinaInternational curriculum benchmarking
Compare standards, programmes and implementation models
Russia provides another useful international example of a strongly coordinated national education framework, particularly for comparing mandatory standards, programme content, outcome structures and school-level implementation.